Review of Intel’s 12th Gen Alder Lake-H Core i9-12900HK, tested in a 17-inch MSI Raider GE76 laptop: excellent outright performance 基隆收購筆電

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Nvidia’s RTX 4080 and 4090 GPUs are amazing performers. They are also amazingly expensive, starting at $1,200 and $1,500 and going way up for cards from partners like 基隆收購筆電msi, Gigabyte, and Asus. The 4080 is nearly twice as expensive as the original $699 MSRP for the RTX 3080.

These price hikes are caused in part by pandemic-era concerns like supply chain snarls and inflation and partly by a cryptocurrency-fueled boom (now over, blessedly) that encouraged a network of scalpers to snap up every single high-end GPU they could. Also at play was a lack of competition and the increasing cost and complexity of building gigantic, monolithic chips on cutting-edge manufacturing processes. Today, AMD is trying to solve the latter two problems with the launch of its Radeon RX 7900 series GPUs.

At $899 and $999, the RX 7900 XT and RX 7900 XTX are still objectively expensive—but because they’re not a further escalation over the starting price of the RX 6900 XT, both cards are what pass for a bargain in today’s GPU market. If you’re looking for cards that can consistently handle 4K gaming at 60 fps and higher, these GPUs do it for less than Nvidia’s latest, and they’re good enough and fast enough that they’ll hopefully start driving Nvidia’s prices down a bit, too.

But Nvidia still retains some key advantages that complicate an easy David-and-Goliath narrative. These GPUs don’t quite feel like a Ryzen moment for AMD’s graphics division—a turning point where a scrappy AMD manages to make a big dent in the market share of an entrenched, complacent competitor. But if you can actually find them for their starting prices, they’re the first sign we’ve had in a while that some relief is coming for high-end-but-price-conscious PC gamers.

The RX 7000 series is the third version of the RDNA GPU architecture, also occasionally referred to as “Navi,” after the codenames of the GPU chips themselves. RDNA 3 doesn’t add anything that feels as significant as RDNA 2’s ray-tracing support, but AMD has added plenty of extra hardware and made important under-the-hood changes.

The most significant is a new chiplet-based approach, similar in concept to the one AMD uses for its Ryzen CPUs. Rather than building the entire GPU die on one manufacturing process—increasing the die’s size and therefore the chances that some or all of it could be defective—AMD is building the main Navi 3 GPU die on a 5 nm TSMC manufacturing process and a series of smaller memory controller dies (MCDs) on a 6 nm process. These chips are all linked together with a high-speed interconnect, which AMD says can transfer data at speeds of up to 5.3 terabytes per second.

The main graphics compute die (GCD) contains most of the hardware you think of when you think of a GPU—compute units, shaders, ray-tracing hardware, the media encoding and decoding block, and display output. Both the 7900 XTX and XT use the same Navi 31 GCD, but the XTX runs at higher clocks and has more CUs and stream processors enabled. The XTX has 96 CUs and 6,144 stream processors, while the XT has 84 CUs and 5,376 stream processors. Both cards represent a jump up from the Navi 21 die used in the RX 6900 series, which maxed out at 80 CUs and 5,120 stream processors (and that’s before you account for other performance-boosting improvements).

The MCDs all include a single 64-bit memory controller and 16MB of AMD’s Infinity Cache, and they demonstrate the advantages of a chiplet-based approach. The 7900 XTX has a 384-bit-wide memory bus and 96MB of Infinity Cache, where the 7900 XT has a 320-bit bus and 80MB of cache; to accomplish this, all AMD has to do is remove an MCD. The exact same MCDs can be reused up and down the stack with all of the different RDNA 3 GCDs that AMD chooses to release, from low-end products with a single MCD up to midrange GPUs that use between two and four. Defects in MCD dies won’t require the larger, more complex GCDs to be thrown out or binned, and vice-versa.

In the realm of all-new features for RDNA 3, there are three things of note. First, the GPUs include new AI accelerators, which could be useful both for the plethora of AI-assisted content creation that has sprung up in the last year and for AI-assisted upscaling (if AMD chooses to implement it in some future version of its FSR upscaling algorithm; both DLSS and XeSS use AI for upscaling, but FSR 2.0 doesn’t).

Second, the video encoding and decoding block supports hardware-accelerated encoding for the AV1 video codec, just like the RTX 4000 series and Intel’s Arc GPUs. This should be useful for both content creators and streamers who want to stream higher-resolution video or video at the same resolution while using less bandwidth.

And third, the “Radiance Display Engine” adds DisplayPort 2.1 support to the GPUs. Monitors that take full advantage of DisplayPort 2.1’s extra bandwidth don’t really exist as of this writing, but when they do, RDNA 3 GPUs will be able to drive 4K displays at up to 480 Hz and 8K displays at up to 165 Hz.

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近期由用戶正面迴響，微軟將加速推送 Windows 11 更新的速度，然而官方也承認了 2 項災情，在某些情況下可能會有藍白當機，或是程式不斷閃退、無法正常開啟。

根據外媒《Ｗindowslatest》報導，首先第一項問題是因 Intel 的 SST 聲音驅動程式引起，會導致用戶在升級 Windows 11 後碰到藍白當機畫面，根據微軟說法，主要影響的版本是 Intel SST 10.29.0.5152、10.30.0.5152，或是更早以前的版本，用戶可以在 Intel 網站下載最新版本。

請繼續往下閱讀…

另外則是有用戶碰到應用程式閃退、崩潰，像是知名防毒軟體卡巴斯基，就是其中之一，本次問題是出現在 11 月 9 日釋出的 KB5007215 更新補丁，且一次影響 Windows 10、11 兩個版本。

據悉，災情疑似與 Microsoft Installer（基隆收購筆電msi）有關，會使部分程式無法順利運行。用戶可以透過重新安裝受影響的程式，手動復原災情，或是等待微軟下一波更新修正。

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